UN chief says the world is in a new era marked by the highest major power competition in decades

Secretary-General Antonio Guterres told the worlds nations Thursday that the post-Cold War period is over and the world is moving toward a new multipolar era already marked by the highest level of geopolitical tensions and major power competition in decades.

He warned that these divisions are undermining the cornerstone of the United Nations having all countries work together to solve global challenges.

The UN chief ticked off a host of challenges more complex and deadly conflicts, re-emerging concerns about possible nuclear war, growing inequalities within and between countries, widespread terrorism, the climate emergency, mounting distrust in public institutions, and human rights under attack globally “including a pernicious pushback against womens rights.” The secretary-general said Russias February 2022 invasion of Ukraine has made it even more difficult to address these challenges. And without naming Russia he clearly criticized it, saying if every country fulfilled its obligations under the UN Charter — which include respecting the sovereignty and territorial integrity of all nations “the right to peace would be guaranteed.” Guterres presented his grim view of the world in a policy paper outlining his “New Agenda for Peace” to diplomats from the UNs 193 member states. It is the UNs attempt to address the new threats, he said.

The UN chief stressed the critical importance of preserving multilateralism, saying: “In our fractured, troubled world, it is incumbent upon states to preserve our universal institution, in which they have a stake.” “The time to act is not when the divisions and fractures have engulfed us” he said. “The time to act is now.” The original Agenda for Peace was presented by then UN secretary-general Boutros Boutros-Ghali in 1992 following the break-up of the Soviet Union and the end of its Cold War with the United States. It welcomed the end of “hostility and distrust” between the superpowers and outlined how the UN could step up its work on preventive diplomacy, peacekeeping and peacebuilding.

Richard Gowan, UN director for the International Crisis Group, said this vision “of an activist, interventionist UN” has been its underlying policy for the past three decades. But he said Guterres “New Agenda for Peace” stresses that “the driving force for a new multilateralism must be diplomacy.” In an analysis of the new ageda, Gowan said it focuses on what member nations need to do, and on multilateral cooperation in an increasingly fragmented and unequal world “in which Guterres believes that the UN must adapt to facilitating international cooperation, not aim to lead it.” One of the key areas this proposed new approach is evident is in the secretary-generals views on the UNs far-flung peacekeeping operations, especially following the Security Councils vote on June 30 to immediately end its more than 15,000-strong mission in Mali as demanded by the countrys military junta which has brought in mercenaries from Russias Wagner Group to help fight an Islamic insurgency.

Guterres told diplomats that while peacekeepers have saved millions of lives, longstanding unresolved conflicts, driven by complex domestic, geopolitical and transnational factors, and a persistent mismatch between mandates and resources, have exposed its limitations.” Put bluntly, he said, “peacekeeping operations cannot succeed when there is no peace to keep.” His proposed peace agenda urges nations to move toward “nimble, adaptable” peacekeeping models with exit strategies, and to support “peace enforcement action by regional and sub-regional organizations,” mandated by the Security Council, paid for by UN member states, and backed by political efforts to promote peace.

“There is no continent in greater need of this new generation of peace enforcement missions than Africa,” Guterres said.

The “New Agenda for Peace” is one of several policy papers the secretary-general is urging all countries to consider before the Summit of the Future he has called in September 2024, where the UN hopes a new vision for the coming years reflecting the world today that preserves multilateralism will be adopted.

After Guterres presentation, many countries voiced initial reactions to the proposed agenda with generally strong support from the European Union and others. But Egypt said some proposals are too ambitious and Russia warned against interference in internal affairs and objecting to the agendas emphasis on human rights and calling its approach to climate controversial.

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