90% of Afghanistan quake victims were women and kids: UN officials

More than 90 per cent of the 2,000-odd people killed by the 6.3-magnitude earthquake that hit western Afghanistan last Saturday (October 7) were women and children, United Nations (UN) officials have said.

The earthquake killed more than 2,000 people in Herat province, Taliban officials have said. The epicentre was in Zenda Jan district, where 1,294 people died, 1,688 were injured, and every home was destroyed, say UN figures.

Women and children were more likely to have been at home when the quake struck in the morning, said Siddig Ibrahim, the chief of the UNICEF field office in Herat. “When the first earthquake hit, people thought it was an explosion, and they ran into their homes,” he said.

Hundreds of people, mostly women, remain missing in Zenda Jan.

The “gender dimension”

The Afghanistan representative for the United Nations Population Fund, Jaime Nadal, said there would have been no “gender dimension” to the death toll if the quake had happened at night.

“At that time of the day, men were out in the field,” Nadal told news agency The Associated Press. “Many men migrate to Iran for work. The women were at home doing the chores and looking after the children. They found themselves trapped under the rubble. There was clearly a gender dimension.”

The initial quake, numerous aftershocks, and a second 6.3-magnitude quake on Wednesday flattened entire villages, destroying hundreds of mud-brick homes that could not withstand such force. Schools, health clinics and other village facilities also collapsed.

Crushed under rubble

The Norwegian Refugee Council described the devastation as enormous. “Early reports from our teams are that many of those who lost their lives were small children who were crushed or suffocated after buildings collapsed on them,” the council said.

Many people inside and outside Herat’s provincial capital are still sleeping outside, even as temperatures drop.

The disproportionate impact of the quake on women has left children without mothers, their primary caregivers, raising questions about who will raise them or how to reunite them with fathers who might be out of the province or even Afghanistan.

Aid officials say orphanages are non-existent or rare, meaning children who have lost one or both parents were likely to be taken in by surviving relatives or community members.

Help for victims

The maternity hospital in Herat province has cracks that make the structure unsafe. The UN has provided tents so pregnant women have somewhere to stay and receive care, Nadal said.

Aid agencies say their female Afghan staff members are “for now” working freely in Herat and reaching women and girls affected by the earthquake.

UN spokesperson Stephane Dujarric said the world body has also provided ambulances to a regional hospital and distributed solar lamps, hygiene kits and other aid to hundreds of displaced families. The World Food Program is sending over 81 tonnes of food, Dujarric said.

UNICEF has also launched a USD 20 million appeal to help the estimate 13,000 children and families devastated by the earthquake.

Earthquakes are common in Afghanistan, where there are a number of fault lines and frequent movement among three nearby tectonic plates.

(With agency inputs)