UNSC passes resolution exempting aid from sanctions, India abstains

India has abstained in the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) on a resolution allowing humanitarian aid to all UN sanction regimes. India says blacklisted terror groups, including those in its neighbourhood, have taken full advantage of such “carve-outs” to raise funds and recruit fighters.

The 15-nation UNSC, currently being presided over by India, on Friday voted on the resolution tabled by the US and Ireland, with Washington asserting that the resolution “will save countless lives after being adopted.”

India was the sole abstention, while the other 14 nations voted in favour of the resolution. The resolution decided that the processing or payment of funds, other financial assets, economic resources, and provision of goods and services necessary to ensure the timely delivery of humanitarian assistance are permitted and are not a violation of the asset freezes imposed by the UNSC or its Sanctions Committee.

India’s reasons for abstention

UNSC President and India’s Permanent Representative to the UN, Ambassador Ruchira Kamboj, said India’s concerns emanate from proven instances of terrorist groups taking full advantage of such humanitarian carve-outs, and making a mockery of sanction regimes, including that of the 1267 Sanctions Committee.

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Kamboj also made a thinly-veiled reference to Pakistan and the terror outfits based on its soil. “There have also been several cases of terrorist groups in our neighbourhood, including those listed by this Council, re-incarnating themselves as humanitarian organizations and civil society groups precisely to evade these sanctions,” she said in an apparent reference to Jamaat-ud-Dawa (JuD), which calls itself a humanitarian charity but is widely seen as a front organization for the Lashkar-e-Taiba (LET).

Falah-e-Insaniat Foundation (FIF), a charity run by terror outfits JuD and LeT, and Al Rehmat Trust, backed by another terrorist group Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM), are also based in Pakistan.

“These terrorist organizations use the umbrella of the humanitarian assistance space to raise funds and recruit fighters,” she said.

India will call for caution and due diligence to be exercised while extending humanitarian assistance to proscribed entities under 1267 who continue to thrive with full state hospitality in territories universally acknowledged as terrorist havens by the international community, she added.

Kamboj reiterated that under no circumstances should the garb of humanitarian cover, intended to be provided by these exemptions, be misused by proscribed terrorist groups to expand their terror activities in the region and beyond.

“More importantly, such exemptions must not facilitate the mainstreaming of terror entities in the political space in our region. Due diligence and extreme caution in the implementation of this resolution, therefore, is an absolute must,” she said.

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Kamboj said that for this very reason, India had sought in the text of the resolution a proactive role for the 1267 Monitoring Team, coupled with robust reporting standards and mechanisms.

“We regret that these specific concerns were not fully addressed in the final text adopted today. We hope that this shortcoming will be corrected in the future, as and when we review the implementation and feedback from the Monitoring Team on this resolution,” she said.

US explains rationale

Before the UNSC vote, US Ambassador to the UN, Linda Thomas-Greenfield, said, “We hope the members of this Council will vote in favour of this resolution because we must all do everything in our power to help humanitarian partners reach the world’s most vulnerable, regardless of where they live, who they live with, and who controls their territory.”

US Secretary of State, Antony Blinken, welcomed the adoption of the resolution, saying the UNSC was sending a clear message that sanctions would not impede the delivery of critical humanitarian assistance by reputable humanitarian organizations.

He added that the resolution includes safeguards to protect against abuse and evasion by sanctioned persons and entities, including by establishing reporting requirements to ensure detection and mitigation of possible aid diversion.

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By providing exceptions for humanitarian activities across UN sanctions regimes, the Resolution provides much-needed clarity to the international community, humanitarian assistance providers, and critical commercial service providers, which will help facilitate the delivery of aid and goods that are critical to saving lives around the world, he said.

339 million in need of aid

Blinken said this goal is more important than ever as the world faces unprecedented levels of humanitarian need, with some 339 million people in need of humanitarian aid and nearly 50 million people on the verge of famine. “We are committed to supporting life-saving humanitarian efforts, providing more than $17 billion in bilateral humanitarian assistance in FY 2022,” he said.

Thomas-Greenfield said while sanctions are an important tool in our arsenal and help constrain bad actors without resorting to violence and stop terrorists, the humanitarian community feels that some UN sanctions unintentionally make aid more difficult to deliver.

The UNSC has dealt with issues of sanctions carve-out for humanitarian aid on a case-by-case basis. The US envoy said the humanitarian community asked for the creation of a single, standard carve-out of humanitarian assistance from UN sanctions regimes.

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“Today, we delivered on that request. In unambiguous language, we have exempted critical humanitarian activities from UN sanctions, and in doing so, we have also made our existing UN sanctions more effective and better targeted toward bad actors,” she said.

Irish Ambassador Fergal Mythen said the resolution has a very clear aim of dealing systematically with the intended or unintended humanitarian consequences of UN sanctions regimes.

(With agency inputs)